Health & Nutrition

  • Face Off

    Posted on 12.15.09 by What Keeps You Healthy

    It’s cram time. You have a huge paper, a final exam, or an in-depth presentation approaching and you still need to prepare. What is your best option for the necessary energy boost to amp up your productivity? The contenders are:

     against  and Healthy Swaps-Yogurt
    Red Bull v. Apple and Yogurt

    Red Bull:
    -Very portable, can be consumed at room temperature, unlike yogurt which requires refrigeration
    -Sugar Free Red Bull has 10 calories in the entire can

    Apple and Yogurt:
    -Fruit and dairy provide slow releasing energy, which means no crash like Red Bull causes
    -This combo tastes delicious, a far cry from the choking taste of the energry drink

    Each option costs about the same…so the tie breaker is…..

    Apples and Yogurt provide fats and fiber that will keep you feeling full longer, along with sustainable energy, so you can focus on more important things. So next time you need to stay alert longer than usual look to the fruits and dairies, not the energry drink.

  • Veggies Best Cooked

    Posted on 12.14.09 by What Keeps You Healthy

    Here are some vegetables that have better nutritional benefits after being cooked, rather than raw, according to studies reported in Prevention:

    Broccoli: steam

    Raw: Broccoli is high in potential cancer-fighting nutrients such as betacarotene, lutein, and flavonols.

    Steamed: Broccoli has higher concentrations of many carotenoids than raw. Plus, it retains nearly 70 percent of its vitamin C and virtually all of its kaempferol, a cell-saving flavonoid.

    Carrots: Boil until tender

    Raw: Carrots are a good source of vitamin C and carotenoids, a family of antioxidants that includes beta-carotene. These contribute to good eye health and may also reduce your risk of heart attack and some forms of cancer.

    Cooked: Boiling makes the carotenoids 14 percent more concentrated. Dietary fiber in the cell walls of carrots traps the carotenoids, but high heat releases and concentrates the compounds, making it easier for your digestive tract to access them. Boiling increases carrots’ total antioxidant capacity (their ability to attack free radicals) while only slightly diminishing vitamin C levels.

    Garlic: roast cloves for no more than 3 minutes

    Raw: Garlic contains alliinase, an enzyme with antiplatelet properties that may help reduce blood pressure and prevent blood from clotting, which decreases your risk of heart disease.

    Cooked: Roasting garlic cloves (for up to 3 minutes at no more than 390°F) helps retain nearly all of their anti-platelet capabilities—with less smell. Turn off the heat after 3 minutes—by 6 minutes, garlic loses about 80 percent of its clot-busting abilities; by 10 minutes, 100 percent.

    Root Vegetables: roast with skins on

    Raw: Winter veggies such as potatoes, turnips, and parsnips are high in fiber and vitamins, but many are not commonly eaten raw.

    Cooked: Roasting with skins intact helps retain all the nutrients. If you prefer boiling, leave the skins on (peel them after cooling, if necessary), and boil them in large chunks (preferably whole) to preserve the veggies’ water soluble nutrients.

    Brussels sprouts: steam or stir-fry

    Raw: Brussels sprouts contain sulforaphane, a powerful phytochemical that helps protect against breast cancer.

    Cooked: Steaming or stir-frying as quickly as possible preserves more of the cancer-fighting compounds. Boiling Brussels sprouts causes sulforaphane to leach into the water.

    Tomatoes: roast with olive oil

    Raw: Tomatoes are rich in lycopene, a carotenoid that gives this fruit its red hue. Lycopene is also a powerful antioxidant that can reduce the risk of certain cancers and heart disease.

    Cooked: Roasting tomatoes causes cell walls to burst, releasing more lycopene.

    Asparagus: steam vertically

    Raw: One cup of asparagus contains nearly 20 percent of the recommended daily intake of folate, a B vitamin that helps protect your cardiovascular and nervous systems. Recent studies link a diet high in folate with a decreased risk of Alzheimer’s, stroke, and heart disease. Since folate is water soluble and sensitive to heat, cooking can diminish it.

    Cooked: Steaming gently in a vertical steamer keeps the fragile tips—which contain most of the water-soluble nutrients—away from the liquid. This imparts more flavor while retaining all the benefits of raw.

    Beets: steam gently

    Raw: Beets are high in betanin, a powerful plant pigment and antioxidant that can halt free-radical damage and may even stop the growth of tumor cells in the stomach, colon, lungs, and nervous system.

    Cooked: Lightly steam beets to retain more cancer-fighting powers. Betanin is highly sensitive to heat, so intense cooking methods like boiling or roasting destroy the benefits.

    Onions: bake for 5 minutes in foil

    Raw: Onions are one of the best sources of quercetin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory powers that may help control allergies and asthma, as well as help treat Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

    Cooked: Baking thick chunks wrapped in foil for 5 minutes at 390°F preserves 99.5 percent of the quercetin compounds while diminishing the bite and smell.

    Try and work in some of these veggies next time you decide to whip up a salad.

  • Antioxidants: Your Body’s Protective Army

    Posted on 12.13.09 by Libby

    by: Mary Velan

    All day our bodies are under attack by unstable molecules called free radicals. Free radicals are harmful, reactive compounds created in the body. They are a byproduct of our metabolic processes, as well as a result from exposure to sunshine and various environmental pollutants. Free radicals damage healthy tissue in our bodies that can lead to muscular degeneration and, basically, all forms of aging. Free radicals also assist in the blocking of arteries, as well as the onset of some cancers.

    The only direct countering to a free radical attack is stimulation to the immune system provided by antioxidants. Antioxidants are molecules that basically disrupt the destructive path of free radicals by making them stable again, and thus less harmful to the body. They help slow down the aging process in skin as well as throughout the body. You could wait for time and free radicals to wrinkle your face and weaken your eyes, or you could start guarding yourself now with the help of antioxidants.

    Antioxidants are created naturally in the body; however, it is important to refuel the supply through a proper diet. Many minerals contain high antioxidant properties and can be consumed directly in supplemental form such as; magnesium, zinc, selenium, B vitamins, etc. The strongest antioxidants, however, are often the most potent when they work together such as Vitamin E and C. They supercharge each other, thus protecting the body for a longer period of time. Because combinations of antioxidants can be so powerful, it is recommend that we eat a variety of antioxidant rich foods.

    The top ten antioxidant rich foods are:

    1.) berries (especially the acai berries, cherries, and blueberries)

    2.) broccoli

    3.) tomatoes

    4.) grapes

    5.) garlic

    6.) spinach

    7.) green tea

    8.) carrots

    9.) soy based products

    10.) whole grains

    These foods are not only very high in antioxidant properties, but they are easily accessible at grocery stores and restaurants.  AND dark chocolate is high in antioxidants as well, as it aids in blocking the free radicals that help block artery walls with bad cholesterol. So a chocolate bar every now and then can be healthy!

  • Fast Food Frenzy

    Posted on 12.12.09 by Libby

    by: Andrew Brown

    The Low Down

    The college-aged population is a fast-paced, high-demand, low-income and hungry demographic. We’re a group of people that spends the majority of our time sitting at a computer or behind a book, and the time that isn’t spent there is often used to over-hydrate ourselves on a mix of cheap liquor and cheaper beer. This leaves exercise and sleep absolutely out of the question, with only a few minutes to grab a bite to eat here and there.

    These factors combine to leave us with an option between the stereotypically awful, freshman 15 fulfilling campus dining halls or a nearby fast-food restaurant. Given the longtime reputation of burger joints like McDonald’s, Burger King and Wendy’s, we often assume that there’s no healthy alternative to the standard double-decker burger with cheese, mayo, bacon, special sauce, extra special sauce, unknown origin sauce… But over the past few years our choices have increased drastically.

    Everyone remembers Supersize Me and the near fatal 3 times a day consumption of McDonalds’ products by Morgan Spurlock - and McDonald’s remembers too. McDonald’s has long had the honor of being America’s #1 consumer of beef, pork and potatoes… and they are now the largest purchaser of apples in the US! Yes, McDonald’s sells apples, not deep-fried, not ranch-covered, just plain fruity apples.

    McDonald’s has always been an innovator in the fast food business and, as the world’s most recognizable brand, obviously has one hell of a marketing department. It’s no surprise that they recognized the trend of healthy eating developing throughout the country as rates of obesity increased and its related health problems became more publicized.

    Then, Taco Bell rolled out their healthy Fresco menu. If the home of the 79 cent taco with -20% lean beef, sour cream and cheese decides its consumers should be counting calories, it’s time to take a hint. Taco Bell’s new Fresco menu says that if you can come to the home of all things cheesy and get a menu item with a single digit fat serving, any fast food joint is capable of change. Here are my attempts at eating healthy, before knowing the actual nutritional info from each meal. Be sure to read each blurb for tips on cutting down the calories and fat.

    Subway
    The Choice:
    12 in. Sweet Onion Chicken Terriyaki
    Honey Oat Bread with Pepper Jack Cheese
    Peppers, Onions, Lettuce, Tomato, Sweet Onion
    Sauce


    The Damage:
    Calories: 862
    Fat: 20g
    Protein: 62g
    Good Stuff: Veggies upon veggies upon veggies
    and 13g of fiber make this sandwich the
    biggest nutritional bang for your caloric buck.

    The Good, The Bad, The Ugly:
    Subway has long been my go to joint for
    healthy fast food and this sub will leave you
    feeling very satisfied without raising your cholesterol
    too much. If you want to be just like
    Jared and even this leaves you feeling guilty,
    lose the cheese and wrap it up and you’ll cut
    your calories and fat content almost in half.
    And yes you want it toasted, why wouldn’t
    you?

    McDonalds
    The Choice:
    2 Grilled BBQ Chipotle Chicken Snack Wraps
    1 Side Salad with Low Fat Italian Dressing


    The Damage:
    Calories: 660
    Fat: 38g
    Protein: 40g
    Good Stuff: Salads are really good for you,
    right?

    The Good, the Bad, the Ugly:
    The Snack Wraps were pretty delicious (by
    McDonald’s standards), were extremely filling
    , even for being relatively good for you (by
    McDonald’s standards). The side salad was
    definitely a better choice than the fries based
    on both a nutritional and a cost basis (1 dollar!).
    On the nutritional downside, over half
    your calories in this meal come from Fat. Finally,
    to order the aforementioned items you
    do have to stand in a McDonald’s that smells
    of those oh so delicious French Fries, so the
    salad is an extremely tough sell.

    Chipotle
    The Choice:

    Chicken Fajita with Roasted Chili Corn Salsa
    and Cheese


    The Damage:
    Calories: 965
    Fat: 38g
    Protein: 54g

    Good Stuff: Chipotle’s “Food with Integrity” philosophy means that all 965 calories were organic, sustainable, naturally raised and all that other good stuff

    The Good, the Bad, the Ugly:
    I managed to muster up all the manliness inside of me to devour the entire burrito. I enjoyed every bite of the chunky meat, spicy salsa and roasted veggie goodness that was my Chipotle burrito. However, after viewing the nutritional content of my burrito, it became much more obvious to me why it took an hour nap to be able to function after lunch. A healthier alternative would be to lose the burrito shell and save yourself about 300 calories, but that does make it much more difficult to eat with your hands. Although my mission of eating healthy failed at Chipotle, my conscience felt a lot better knowing that my chicken was humanely raised before being minced into bite sized pieces and devoured by yours truly.

    Pita Pit
    The Choice:

    Gyro Pita

    Peppers, Onions, Tomatoes, Tzatziki

    Sauce, Cheddar Cheese

    Good Stuff: Veggies, I suppose?

    The Damage:

    Calories: 760

    Fat: 42g

    Protein: 35g

    The Good, The Bad, The Ugly:
    If my Gyro Pita was made by a Greek person, it
    would have been the best gyro I’ve ever had,
    but since it was not, it will have to settle for
    the number two spot. The meat was delicious
    and the Tzatziki sauce was incredible. All of
    the veggies in the Pita tasted like they had just
    come off the vine and were sliced right before
    they were put on my Gyro. Unfortunately, the
    pita I chose was the least healthy one on the
    menu. If you were to ditch the cheese and go
    with a healthier alternative, Pita Pit has 10 pitas
    with under 10g of fat. Overall, Pita Pit had
    the best veggies I’ve ever had on a five-dollar
    sandwich.

    Arby’s
    The Choice:

    Market Fresh Roast Turkey & Swiss Sandwich


    The Damage:

    Calories: 708
    Fat: 29g
    Protein: 40g
    Good Stuff: It’s Market Fresh!

    The Good, The Bad, The Ugly:
    The Market Fresh menu at Arby’s has some of
    the most enticing food photos I have seen in
    my entire life. According to the picture next to
    the menu, my roast turkey sandwich would be
    approximately 2ft x 1ft and have no less than
    5 lbs of oven roasted turkey on it. Although it
    did not quite hit these dimensions, the sandwich
    alone more than filled me up for lunch.
    The spicy horseradish and mayo spread made
    the sandwich really pop and the veggies were
    above par. Over half the calories of the sandwich
    come from the Honey Wheat Bread, but
    it was worth every bit. It was probably the
    crispest, tastiest bread I’ve had at a major
    fast food joint and is just as solid as many of
    the specialty bread joints out there. If you’re
    really counting, you can lose the mayo and
    save yourself some calories, but this sandwich
    stacks up pretty well with the competition as
    is.

    Final Word
    For as highly publicized and touted many fast food joints Healthy Choice menus are, you can often respect your body just by looking at what’s on their normal menu. You can go to McDonald’s and get a Big Mac Value Meal…just get it without that Special Sauce (it’s special for a reason). Swap out fries for a salad and a 20oz high fructose syrup delight for a bottle of water and you’re looking at a McDonald’s meal with under 600 calories and 25g of fat. If you’re more in the mood for meaty and cheesy goodness in the form of a sandwich or sub, consider wrapping it up, it’s always a safe option. Long story short, fast food doesn’t have to be as detrimental to your continued existence as some people would have you believe. A little  research and common sense will have you eating McDonald’s every day and not starring in a waist down B-roll during an obesity piece on CNN.

  • What’s in it? Why do i care?

    Posted on 12.12.09 by Libby

    Apples

    What’s in it?

    Apple Juice, Applesauce, Apple Cider, Apple Pie….the list goes on.  We’ve all been eating (or drinking) apples since our childhood.  But, what exactly is in an Apple?

    An average size apple, with a three-inch diameter, consists of approximately 70 calories.  It contains about 19g of Carbohydrates, of which 14g is sugar.  It also contains over 3g of fiber!  There are only traces of fat and protein - less than half a gram of each.  And, no micronutrient is heavily prevalent, though there is about 150 mg of potassium, or 1/3 the amount of a banana.

    Why do i care?

    Apples provide a solid source of naturally occurring sugars, which are a good boost of energy anytime of the day.  Also, the 3+ grams of fiber is a good place to start achieving the 25-30g recommended by the American Heart Association per day.

    Potatoes

    Mashed, scalloped, baked, fried…how many ways can you serve a potato? There are certainly some ways that are much healthier than others, long before you add the butter and sour cream.  But, what does a potato have to offer?

    A raw potato of about the same size as the apple mentioned, consists of approximately 150 calories.  It’s no surprise that this equals about 34g of Carbohydrates, of which only 2g is sugar.  Like an apple, a potato contains just over 3g of fiber and less than a half a gram of fat.  However, there is the subtle bonus of 4g of protein! Certainly not a primary source, but complementary to a balanced diet.  And, as for the micronutrients, it contains almost a full gram of Potassium, or more than twice that of a banana!

    While the potato isn’t your go to vegetable for nutrition, it’s not as bad as sometimes perceived.  It can be a healthy part of a balanced diet, unless of course, it’s deep-fried!

  • Ask the Experts

    Posted on 12.12.09 by Libby

    Mike Geary, Certified Personal Trainer and Nutrition Specialist answers your questions:


    What are the best vegetarian sources of protein?

    To be honest, it’s nearly impossible to get all the protein you need if you only eat veggies.  If you really want to have a balanced diet, you’ll need to find a way to incorporate fish, whole eggs, and possibly some dairy into your diet…at least 1 of those 3.  Otherwise, you’ll always struggle with a diet that lacks important macro and micro nutrients and your results will suffer.

    Is there any legitimacy to these low or no-carb diets?

    They will help you lose weight but the thing that people forget is that carbs are the best source of energy for your body.  If you do no carb diets you will always lack energy and eventually your workouts will suffer and then your muscles will grow weak and saggy.  Then you will begin to regain the weight that you lost.

    I’ve heard that eating smaller meals throughout the day is better than eating a couple large meals.  Is this true?

    This is one of the most overlooked things in a weight loss program.  Theoretically, if you wanted to lose weight you should eat less, right? Well the truth is if you only eat 1 or 2 big meals you will actually gain more weight in the long run.  It is best to consume 4-6 smaller meals to keep your metabolism pumping!

    It seems like i’m always tired. What foods can i eat to give me more energy?

    Fruits and carbs are great sources of energy.  One thing also to consider is what the first thing you eat in the morning is….if it is something full of sugar, you most likely will feel tired throughout the whole day.

  • The Importance of Getting Enough Sleep

    Posted on 12.12.09 by Libby

    by: Ali Wagoner

    As college students who are habitually staying up late and constantly dozing off in class, a full night of sleep is incredibly important. Many people have their own theories on how much sleep they can get by on, some needing 8 hours to function the next day, some claiming they can work on only 4 hours of sleep. Whatever the case for you individually, it’s important to know what is going on during those hours when you’re asleep, and why it is critical for you to maintain a consistent sleep
    schedule.

    When you sleep, your brain does not remain in one constant “sleep state” throughout the night. Instead, your sleep may be divided into stages of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and Non-REM (NREM) sleep. NREM sleep is further divided into 4 stages, each marking a different state in which your brain and body are in.

    NREM sleep is most prevalent in the first part of the night, from right when you doze off until around four to six hours later.

    Many people can relate to the feelings of Stage 1 sleep, which is the first part of the NREM cycle. This is when you’re drifting in and out of sleep, perhaps in your 9 A.M. class. You feel your head falling, and when you wake up suddenly it feels like you have been asleep for hours. You also may dream a little, but when awoken, will only remember a few fragmented images.

    Stage 2 of NREM sleep accounts for 50% of your sleep cycle and is when your body goes into a “hibernation” state. Your body temperature drops, your breathing and heart rates even out, and your eye movements and brain waves become much slower. This is also the stage of sleep that you enter into when taking a nap.

    Finally, what you may experience as “deep sleep” comes with Stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep. Your bodily functions continue to slow and even out, including your blood pressure and muscle activity. These stages are essential for restoring your energy, keeping your immune system healthy and maintaining the homeostasis of your body (your hormones for example). This is the stage in which you will feel very groggy if awoken. You also may feel disoriented and depleted of energy if Stages 3 and 4 are interrupted. Although individuals may vary, this is probably the portion of NREM sleep that is important for you to sleep continually through in order to feel like “you got a good night of rest”.

    Finally, nearing the end of your sleep, REM cycles start to appear. This stage accounts for approximately 20% of your sleep cycle and is noted by jerky eye movements and irregular and shallow breathing. If you’ve ever woken up before your roommate in the morning and looked at them sleeping, you may notice their jerky eye movements.

    Also, during REM your limbs become temporarily paralyzed; if awoken during this  stage some individuals will experience “sleep paralysis”, in which you are aware that you are awake, yet have trouble moving your body.

    Similar to Stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep, your REM cycles are critical for normal body functioning the following day. In general, the more REM cycles you get through (usually between 4-6), the better rested you will feel, and your brain can function at a higher level.

    Other than the great feeling of surrendering to your pillow late at night, sleep truly does have biological advantages for your brain and body. Specifically, sleep improves your cognitive abilities by consolidating your memories. Here,  consolidating may be broken down into stabilization and enhancement of memories. Stabilization means your memories become resistant to interference, and enhancement means sleep aids in restoring forgotten memories or producing additional learning without additional practice.

    In a recent research project I conducted, I found that sleep is critically involved in the consolidation of memories, particularly memory for a central visually arousing object at the expense of its background. The study that I conducted showed that students who studied emotionally arousing scenes closer to when they went to sleep remembered the scenes with greater accuracy than students who had a greater delay time between studying and sleep. So does this mean that you should always study right before you go to bed? It is possible, just as long as your normal sleeping habits are not altered (like pulling an all-nighter).

    Just as sleep has a direct benefit towards enhancing your memory, sleep  deprivation has a direct link to reduced cognitive processes and even some affective disorders such as depression. When you stay up until 4 AM studying and then wake up three hours later, your important phases of non-REM sleep and longer phases of REM periods are missed.

    One misconception that many people have is that they will sacrifice that one night to study, just as long as the following night they go to bed early. However, irregularities in your sleep schedule during just one night can negatively affect your sleep schedule the following night. Sleep deprivation can result in reduced attention span, slowed cognitive processing and errors, and reduced ability to multi-task. Furthermore, sleep deprivation accompanied by drinking alcohol will seriously affect your sleep cycle. Studies have shown that alcohol suppresses REM sleep, which is key for in creasing memory retention.

    Disturbances of sleep belong to the main symptoms of depressed patients.  Specifically, people who are depressed show a shortening of the interval between sleep onset and the occurrence of the first REM period. Also, they have an elongated amount of REM sleep, beyond what is considered to be typical in sleep cycles. These trends were proven by a study in 1997 in which more than 90% of depressed patients reported impairments in their quality of sleep. They also reported difficulties in falling asleep, frequent awakenings throughout the night, and early morning awakenings. Depression therefore, is thought of as one of the most common causes of insomnia.

    Sleep well tonight. Your body will thank you.